Pulsing system



A. E. JQEL, .1R 2,410,446` PULSING SYSTEM Nov., 5 5, 19.46,

Filed March 2,' 1944 ,2r sheets-sheet 1 l /A/l/EA/ To@ By A. E JOEL, JR

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A. E. JOEL, JR

PULSING SYSTEM Nov. 5, 1946.

Sl l' Filed March 2, 1944 2 lSheets-Sheet 2 Y QS /M/ENTOR ,4.5. JOEL, JR.

Patented Nov. 5, 1946 PULSING SYSTEM Amos E. Joel, Jr., New York, N. Y., assignor to Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application March 2, 1944, Serial No. 524,669

This invention relates to signaling systems and more particularly to pulsing devices for such systems.

The object of the present invention is an im-y provement in pulse transmitting mechanisms.

A feature of the invention consists in a pulse storingI and transmitting device arranged to transmit one pulse over a line responsive to storing a given number of pulses received from a pulse transmitter or for transmitting one pulse responsive to receiving one pulse from the pulse transmitter.

lAnother and related feature of this invention consists in a pulse receiving and transmitting device arranged to multiply by a given value a series or plurality of pulses received over a line and to transmit said increased number of pulses and also arranged to omit multiplying a single pulse or an odd last pulse of a series of pulses received over said line, thus responsively transmitting a single pulse.

Another and related feature of this invention consists in a high speed pulsing system for operating electrical mechanisms connected by long lines employing pulse receiving and transmitting devices at the originating and terminating ends of the line for dividing the number of pulses received by a given denominator, transmitting the quotient pulses over said line, and multiplying the quotient pulses by said given denominator, thus transmitting only a limited number of pulses over the long line but transmitting the same number of pulses at the distant end of the line as received by the device at the originating end.

Another and related feature of this invention is a. system including means Afor dividing the greater portion of the whole number of pulses by a given denominator and transmitting the quotient pulses over said line, means at the terminating end for multiplying this number of pulses by said given denominator, and means at the originating end for transmitting the remainder odd pulses, the means at the terminating end serving to transmit said odd pulses Without mulltiplying them by said given denominator.

The foregoing and other features of the invention will be described more fully in the following specication which should be taken in connection with the accompanying drawings and appended claims.

Referring to the drawings:

Figs. 1 and 2 illustrate the signaling system as used with a two-wire line in which Fig. 1 is arranged to transmit half the number of pulses over a line as received from a pulse transmitter and multiplies by 2 the number of pulses received over the line and Fig. 2 divides the number of pulses by 4 in order to send one pulse over the line for each 4 received from a pulse transmitter l fice and the interconnecting line is longer than 5 claims. (014171-380) and multiplies these pulses by 4 in a distant receiving mechanism. 5

The pulsing devices for the signaling system of the invention will be applied to a telephone system but may be used in dierent types of signaling systems.

Referring to Fig. 1, the pulse transmitter |0| and the pulsereceiving and transmitting device |00 comprising relays |02 to |08, inclusive. may

belocated in one telephone office and connected v by a long two-conductor line`||0 to the pulse receiving and transmitting device comprising relays |52 to |51, inclusive, in another telephone olce. The pulse transmitting relay |6| may also be located in the distant oilice for operating switch controlling mechanisms. .The long line |0 may be a telephone transmission line of Wellknown character and may be automatically connected to lines |09 and |60 which may also be transmission lines. Such lines may be used for the transmission of pulses and for voice transmission as shown in Patent 2,236,246 issued to G. V. King et al. March 25, 1941, and Patent application Serial No. 495,487, iiled by J. W. Dehn July 20, 1943 now Patent 2,355,908, granted August 15, 1944.

l The pulse transmitting contact |20 and the pulse circuit closing contact |2| may be of the character shown in the outward pulsing circuit of the sender shown in the aforementioned patent application to J .W. Dehn, or in other pulse transmitters wherein a contact such as contact |2| is closed when the outgoing line is taken for use, thus operating a line pulsing relay such as relay |02 which is released for the transmission of a pulse when the pulsing contact V|20 is opened but otherwise remains operated during the entire pulsing period.

- By reference to the pulsing circuit of the aforementioned patent application to J. W. Dehn it will be found that the speed of the pulse transmitter is automatically regulated according to the mechanism to be operated in a distant office.

High speed pulsing is employed over trunks or lines for the operation of sender mechanisms in distant offices. This effects a saving in holding time in the pulse transmitting mechanism, the line, and all mechanisms associated therewith `K`for completing telephone connections. A slower speed of pulsing 'is used when the distance is great between the originating and distant ofmay be used for high speed pulsing or the mechanism in the distant otiice is of a character which will not satisfactorily follow the high speed pulses. The high speed or low speed pulsing transmitter may be automatically regulated by routing relays or other devices which control the connection of the pulse transmitter and later the incoming lines to lines such as line |09 extending to other offices in a manner shown in the aforementioned patent application to J. W. Dehn. Switches such as switch |22 diagrammatically shown, maybe used ior such connections.

The pulsing system shown in Fig. 1 is arranged to transmit one pulse over the long line responsive to two high speed pulses transmitted by the pulse transmitter contact |20. The pulses received in the distant o'ce over the line ||0 are multiplied by the relay mechanism |50 and two pulses are transmitted over line |00 to pulse transmitting relay |6| responsive to each pulse over the line I0. An exceptionis made automatically by the mechanism |00 when the digit comprises an odd number of pulses or only one pulse. In the latter instance the one pulse or the last pulse of a digit containing an odd y number of pulses is transmitted over the long line ||0 and the mechanism |50 of the distant omce is controlled so that it does not multiply this pulse and thus transmits a single pulse over line |00 to cause a single release of the pulse transmitting relay IBI.

The closure of contact |2| when the line is taken for use operates relay |02 which operates relay |03 by the closure of its contact. Relay |03 in operating closes the line ||0 through its contact 3 to establish a circuit for relay |52 in the distant office. This circuit may be traced from ground through the lower winding of relay |52,

lower conductor of line ||0, lower contact of relay |08, contact 3 of relay |03, upper conductor of line 0 and upper winding of relayl |52 to battery. The operation of relay 52 closes an obvious circuit for operating relay |53 and also an obvious circuit for operating relay |54 which locks to ground on the lower contact of relay |53.

The operation of relay |54 establishes a circuit for pulse transmitting relay IBI through its contact 2. It will be noted that the circuit for relay |6| extends through the contacts of relay '|51 and contact of relay |53 in parallel and thus relay IBI may be released by the operation of relay |5`| if relay |53 is operated but not when relay |53 is released. l

The mechanisms |00 in the originating oiice and the distant omce are now prepared for receiving and transmitting pulses. Each opening of the pulse transmitter |20 causes the release of relay |02 but since relay |03 is slow to release it remains operated during this open period of the pulsing contact. For the sake of simplicity of description and to make the progressive operation of the relays in each omce easier to follow, the following table of operations is given illustrating the relay action in pulse receiving and transmitting device |00 following each pulse from contact |20 of transmitter |0| for transmitting half the number of pulses over the line ||0 and theresponsive action in the pulse receiving and transmitting device |50 for transmitting twice as many pulses as received over line H0.

This table illustrates the action responsive to 4 pulses over line |09 from transmitter |0|, 2 pulses over line ||0 and 4 pulses over line |60 for controlling transmitting relay |6|.

Pulse transmitter Line 110 150 Final pulse transmitter Contact 121 closed 102 operated 152 operated 151 operated 103 operated 153 operated 154 operated Contact 120 opened 1st pulse 102 released 104 operated i 105 operated 108 operated 152 released 155 operated 157 operatedline 151 released lst pulse 160 opened. Line open, 1st pulse 156 slow operated 157 released 161 operated Contact closed 102 operates 107 operates. lower winding in series Line held open with 108.

Contact 120 opened 2d pulse 102 releases 107 locks to 102 106 operates l 108 releases 152 operates u releases 157 operates 161 releases 2d pulse 156 slow releases Line clod 157 releases 101 operates 'Contact 120 closed 102 operates Line held closed 107 releases 106 releases Contact 120 opened 3d pulse 102 releases 2d pulse over 110 108 operates 152 releases 155 operates Line open 157 o rates ll releases 3d pulse 156 s ow operates 157 releases 161 operates Contact 120 closed 102 operates Llne held open 107 operates in series with 108 Contact 120 opened 4th pulse 102 releases 107 locks 106 operates 108 releases 152 operates 155 releases 157 operates 161 releases 4th pulse 156 releases Line closed 157 releases 161 operates ,Crrterz 120 closed, remains 102 operates and remains operated l 152 remains operatose e 153 remains operate 107 releases Line held closed, no 154 remains operatpulse. ed. 106 releases 104 releases slow 105 releases slow The following illustrates the action of the pulsing system when a digit comprises only one pulse:

clear as outlined in the foregoing tables with the possible exception of'theoperation of relay Pulse transmitter 100 Line 110 '150 Final pulse transmitter Contact 121 closed 102 operated 152 operated 161 operated 103 operated 153 operated 154 operated Contact 120 opened 1st pulse 102 released 104 operated 105 operated 108 operated One pulse 152 released 155 operated 157 operated 161 released one pulse Line opened 156 slow operated 157 released 161 operated Contact 120 closed, remains 102 operated 153 releases slow closed 107 operated in series with 108 154 remains operated 161 remains operated 104 releases slow 155 released 105 releases slow 156 released No pulse 108 releases Line closed 152 operated 107 releases 153 operated The following illustrates the action of the puls- 20 ing system when a digit comprises three pulses. The i'lrst two pulses are transmitted the same as shown in the table for a four-pulse digit, i. e., two l pulses by the pulse transmitter, one pulse over line ||0 Iby the pulse receiving and transmitting 25 mechanism |00 and two pulses by the pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism |50 over line |60. `IIhe odd third pulse is transmitted in the following manner:

|01. By reference to the tables outlining the opf eration of the relays for the first and third pulses it is seen .that relay |08 is operated when relay |02 is released. The circuit for relay |08 extends i'rom ground on the back contact of relay |02, back contact of relay |01, winding of relay |08 to battery. This opens line ||0 causing the release of relay |52 as shown in the table. The operation of relay |08 establishes a circuit for relay |0'| ground on contact 2 of relay |03, con- Pulse transmitter 100 Line 110 150 Final pulse transmitter Contact 120 opened 3rd pulse 102 releases 2nd pulse vover 110 152 releases l 108 operated 155 operated Line opened 157 operated 161 releases 3rd pulse v 156 slow operates 157 releases v161 operates Contact 120 closed, remains 102 operates, remains operated 153 releases h closed 154 remains operated 161 remains operated 107 operate in series with 108 155 releases 104 releases slow 156 releases No pulse 105 releases slow l 108 releases Line closed 152 operates remains operated 107 releases 153 operates It is apparent from the foregoing that relay |03 is slow enough in releasing to remain operated 45 during the pulsing period when relay |02 is released and thus relay |03 remains operated during the complete pulsing period which may comprise a number of digits. Relays |04 and |05 are operated responsive to the first release of re- 50 lay |02 and are slow enough in releasing to remain operated when relay |02 is Operated durv ing the pulsing period for one digit but after the pulses have been transmitted for each digit relays I 04 and |05 release during the interdigital 55 period since relay |02 remains operated a longer time between digits than between pulses. With reference to the distant ofllce receiving and transmitting relays it is also apparent that the slow release relay |53 remains operated during 60 the complete pulsing period which may comprise a. number of digits except when the last pulse of a digit is an odd pulse. In this case as shown in the third table the line ||0 is held open for along enough period to cause the release of relay 65 |53 but not for a long enough period to cause the release of both relays |53 and |54.l It will be seen that relay |54 is originally operated to close the operating circuit for the pulse transmitting relay |6| and locked to ground on contact 3 of 70 relay |53 and thereafter relay |54 remains operated during the pulsing period which may comprise a plurality of digits.

The operation of the pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism |00 is believed lto be 75 tact of relay |05, contact of relay |08, contact of relay |06, lower winding of relay |01, winding of relay |08 to battery. This circuit is not effective for operating relay |01 until relay |02 again operates since a ground shunt extends from the back contact of. relay |02 released through the back contact and winding of relay |01.' Thus re'- lay |01 has ground on both Winding terminals and does not operate. Upon the operation f relay |02 the first circuit established from ground on contact 2 of relay 03 operates relay |01 in series with relay |08, the latter relay remaining operated. When relay |02 is again released responsive to the second or fourth opening of pulsing contact |20 as shown, relay |01 is locked through its contact and upper winding and relay |06 is operated in this locking circuit. 'Ihe operation of relay |06 opens the circuit through the t lower winding of relay |01 and the winding of relay |08. This causes the release of relay 08 which now closes line ||0 and operates relay |52 for the second pulse over line |60. Relay |02 again operates when contact |20 is closed which opens the locking circuit for relay 01 and the operating circuit for relay |06 and both relays release. At this time relay |02 has been twice released and reoperated by pulsing contact |20 but relay |52 has been released once by one pulse over line ||0 and is now reoperated. i

By reference to the table it is apparent that the one release of relay |52 causes an open and I 6I to release and reoperate to transmit one pulse. The operation of relay |52 also causes an open and closed period of line |60 and thus causes relay to release and reoperate totransmit another pulse in response to one pulse over line I0.

As will be seen from the tables, the original operation of relay |52 causes the'operation of relay |53 and thereafter the release of relay |52 operates relay |55 which establishes circuits for both re1ays|56 and |51. Relay |56 is slow enough in operating to lag behind the operation of relay |51 which is a fast operating relay. The time lag of relay |56 behind relay |51 is approximately the time period of one pulse. This causes relay |51 to operate from battery through its winding, contact 2 of relay |55 operated, contact of relay |56 released to ground on contact 3 of relay |53.

Line |60 is thus opened by the operation of relay |51 causing the release of pulse transmitting relay |6|. 'I'he operation of relay |56 opens the circuit for relay |51 which causes the reoperation of relay |6|. Since line' ||0 is held open until after two pulses hase been received by the device |00, relays |55 and |56 remain operated. The line ||0 is closed by the release of relay |08 which terminates the period of one pulse over line ||0. This causes relay |52 to again operate which releases relay |55. Relay |51 now operates over a circuit through the contact of relay |56 operated and contact 2 of relay |55 released since relay |56 has the same time lag in releasing as in operating. The operation of relay 151 again opens the line |60 causing the release of relay IGI and 'thus two pulses are transmitted by relay |61 for denominator with the quotient pulses transmitted over line l I0 and multiplied by the denominator by the mechanism |50. A single odd pulse is transmitted as described by one open and closed period of transmitter contact |20 which releases and reoperates relay |02 causing one open period of line |10 and one open period of line |60. Since relay |02 is thereafter held Operated the line ||0 remains open and relay |52 remains released until relays |04 and |05 release. Under this condition relay |53 momentarily releases to hold line |60 closed through its contact l and release relays |55 and |56 so that when relay |52 is reoperated a second pulse will not be transmitted over line |60 to release relay |6|. Relay |52 is reoperated when relay |08 is nally released.

Fig. 2 illustrates the same circuit arrangement as Fig. 1 with relays ||2 and ||3 added to the pulse receiving and transmitting circuit in the originating oilice and relays |66 and |65 added to the pulse receiving and transmitting circuit in the distant terminating ofice for transmitting one pulse over line responsive to each four pulses originated bytransmtter |0I and for transmitting four pulses over line |60 causing four releases of relay |6| responsive to each pulse transmitted over line ||0.

The following table shows the progressive action of therelays of Fig. 2:

. -Partlal pulse trans- Pulse transmitter Line 110 170 mmm Contact 121 closed 102 operated 152 operated 161 operated 103 operated 153 operated 154 operated Contact 120 opened 1st pulse 102 released 104 operated 105 operated l 108 operated Opeuiie line 110-1st 152 released p operated 157 o rated 161 released-1st pulse 156 s -operated I 157 released 161 operated 112 operated lock to 103 Line 110 held open 164 sl-operated 157 o erated 161 released-2nd pulse s -operated 157 released 161 operated Contact 120 closed 102 operated 107 operated 1n series with 108 Contact 120 opened 2nd pulse 102 released 107 locked to 102 106 operated 108 released removes shunt from 113 Line 110 held open by ct l-ll2 113 operated ruis@ transmitter 10o Line 11o 16e Pmilnitlg mm- Contact 123 closed 102 operates 107 releases 106 releases C ntact 120 o ns 3rd nise 102 releases o pe p 108 operates Closes line 110 152 operates 112 releases through contact 155 releases o1 113 157 operates 161 releases 3rd pulse 156 slow releases 157 releases Contact 120 closes 102 operates u 107 operates 1n series 108 Contact 120 opens 4th pulse 102 releases 164 slow releases 107 locks to 102 157 operates 161 releases 4th pulse 106 operates 165 slow releases 108 releases Line 110 held closed 157 releases 161 operates by contact 2 of 108 and 112 113 releases Contact 120 closed 102 operates 13g releases |65 which opens andere The operation continues for the fth, sixth, seventh and eighth pulses according to the above table or for any multiple of four puises from the pulse transmitter |i.

it is apparent from the above table that in the circuit arrangement of Fig. 2, relays |52 to |08 and relays |52 to |51, inclusive are operated and released in the same manner as described for the circuit arrangement of Fig. l. However, the rst operation of relay |08 opens the line ||0 for releasing relay |52 and also establishes an operating circuit for the added relay ||2 from ground on contact 2 of relay |05 and relay ||2 in operating locks to ground on this same contact. Relay I2 opens linev ||0 through its contact I so that the line remains open when relay |08 is vreleased by the action of the other relays as previously described when the second pulse is sent by transmitter contact |25. While relay |08 is operated a shunt through contact 2 of relay 3 and contact i of relay |06 .prevents relay ||3 from operating but the release ci relay 08 removes this shunt causing the operating circuit for relay M5 to be effective. This operating circuit extends from battery through resistance H5, winding of relay H3, contact 2 of relay H2, contact of relay |05, contact 2 of relay |03 to ground. Relay 3 prepares a shunt for releasing' relay ||2 which is made eilective upon the next operation of relay |08 and also prepares a closing path for line ||0 which is eiective upon the next operation of relay |08. By reference to the table it will be seen that the second operation of relay |08 takes place when the third pulse is sent vby transmitter contact |20.

During the open period of line ||0 relay |52 of the pulse receiving and transmitting device is released. Relay |53 remains operated during this period since the time for transmitting two high speed pulses from transmitter contact |26 is substantially the same as the time for transmitting one pulse at -the slower speed. Relays |55, |51 and |56 are operated as previously described and relay |51 is released upon the operation of relay |56 and the action of these relays transmits the rst pulse over line |60 causing the release and reoperation of relay |6|. The operation oi relay |56 in addition to releasing' relay |51 establishes a circuit for slow-operating relay |64. The time lag in operating relay |64 permits relay |51 to release and relay |6| to reoperate. Relay |64 closes a circuit for again operating relay |51 from battery through the winding of relay |51, contact of relay |613 operated, contact oi relay |65l released, to ground on contact 3 of relay |53. Relay |6| is thus released a second time when line |60 is opened by the operation of relay |51. Relay |64 establishes an obvious circuit for relay the operating circuit for relay |51, causing its release.

Returning to the receiving and transmitting device |30 it will be seen that relay |08 operates responsive to the third pulse sent by transmitter contact |20, causing the closure of line H0, the operation of relay |52 and the release of relay' |2. Line |10 is closed through contact operated, contact of relay ||3 operated and con- `tact 3 of relay |03 operated. After the fourth pulse is sent by transmitter. contact |20 relay |08 is released but since relay ||2 was previously g released the line H0 is held closed through con- 'tact I of relay ||2 and relay |52l continues to be operated. The release of relay |08 now-causes the release of relay 3 by opening its contact and the circuit restores to normal during the operated 2 of relay |08 period of relay |02 in readiness for the next series of four pulses.

The third and fourth pulses are transmitted y the receiving and transmitting device |15 when relay |52 is operated by the closure of line ||0 as above outlined andas shown in the table. It will be recalled that relays |55, |56, |64 and |65 were operated for the transmission of the rst two pulses over line |60. 'I'he operation of relay |52 releases relay |55 and a circuit is thus established for operating relay |51 for sending the third pulse. The release of relay |56 releases relay |51, again closing line |60 and reoperating relay |6i. The release of relay- |56 causes the release of relay 61|, again establishing a circuit for relay |51 for opening line |60 for the fourth pulse. The release of relay |65 follows the release of relay |60 which releases relay |51 to close line |60 after the fourth pulse. It may be seen that the device |10 is transmitting pulses over line |60 at the saine time that the device |30 is receiving pulses from the transmitter 0| and therefore they are both in readiness pulses substantially at the The devices are mitting device |10 is arranged to multiply the quotient pulses by the denominator four and when key |63 is operated it will multiply the quotient pulses by the denominator two. The above, of course, applies to numbers of pulses which may be divided and multiplied by a common denominator and single pulses or the last odd pulse of a series of pulses are transmitted bythe devices as herein described. It is, ci course, apparent that any number of single pulses maybe transmitted by the devices by using a set period of time between pulses, which period, for example, could be commensurate with the normal interdigital period used in telephone practice.

What is claimed is:

1. In a pulse transmitting system, a pulse sending transmitter operable to transmit trains of pulses of variable numbers of successive pulses in each train, a rst pulsing mechanism, a second pulsing mechanism, a line interconnecting said ilrst and second pulsing mechanisms, means for connecting said pulse sending transmitter to said rst pulsing mechanism, means in said first pulsing mechanism automatically operable in response to the number of pulses in. a train received from said transmitter for transmitting a smaller number of pulses over said line than received -from said sending transmitter or for the next series of ond Apulsing mechanism, a line interconnecting said first and second pulsing mechanisms, means for connecting said pulse sending transmitter to said first pulsing mechanism, means in said first pulsing mechanism automatically operable in response to the number of pulses in a train received from said transmitter for transmitting a. single pulse over said line responsive to receiving a series of pulses from said transmitter and a single pulse over said' line responsive to receiving a single pulse from said transmitter, and means in said second pulsing mechanism for transmitting, in response to each single pulse received over said line from said first pulsing mechanism, a train of the same number of pulses as sent by said sending transmitter responsive to receiving said single pulses over said line.

3. In a pulse transmitting system, a pulse sending transmitter, a first pulsing mechanism,

a second pulsing mechanism, a line interconnecting said first and s'econd pulsing mechanisms, means for connecting said pulse sending transmitter to said first pulsing mechanism for transmitting a series of pulses thereto, means in'said first pulsing mechanism for dividing the number of pulses in said series by a given denominator' and for transmitting the quotient pulses and a remainder pulse over said line, and means in said second pulsing mechanism for multiplying said quotient pulses received over said line by said denominator, for preventing the multiplying of said remainder pulse and for transmitting therefrom the same number of pulses as contained fm said series.

4. In a pulse transmitting system, a high speed pulse transmitter, a first pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism, a second pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism, a line between said first and second pulse receiving and transmitting mechanisms, means for connecting said pulse transmitter to said first pluse receiving and transmitting mechanism, means in said first 'pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism for transmitting over said line each alternate pulse received from said transmitter including an odd numbered pulse Awhen a series of pulses terminates with an odd numbered pulse. and means in said second pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism for transmitting two pulses responsive to each pulse received over said line excepting said lastl odd numbered pulse and for transmitting only one pulse responsive to receiving said last odd numbered pulse.

5. In a pulse transmitting system, a high speed pulse transmitter, a first pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism, a second pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism, a line between said first and second pulse receiving and transmitting mechanisms, means for connecting said pulse ltransmitter to saidv first pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism, means in said first pulse receiving and transmitting mechanism arranged for transmitting over said line each alternate pulse of a digit received from said transmitter and arranged for transmitting only one pulse over said line when the digit comprises a single pulse, and means insaid second pulse receiving-andl transmitting mechanism arranged for transmitting two pulses responsive to each single pulse received over said line when` a digit comprises an even number of pulses and arranged for transmitting a single pulse when a digit comprising vonly a single pulse is transmitted over said line.

AMOS E. JOEL, Ja. 

